Community Health Nursing

Why D is the answer

Under RA 10121 and the NDRRMP, disaster preparedness covers what a barangay does before impact to build its capacity to anticipate and cope: stockpiles, drills, and lists of residents who will need help. Opening the evacuation centre and handing out food packs as the water rises is carried out at impact, which places it in disaster response, so it is the entry that sits wrongly under preparedness.

Why the other options are not the answer

• A — stockpiling food packs and water containers: relief goods are response commodities, but the NDRRMP places the pre-positioning of goods in preparedness. The deciding fact is when the activity is carried out, not what commodity it involves.
• B — drilling households on the siren codes and the route: a pre-impact capacity-building activity, correctly filed under preparedness.
• C — updating the list of residents who will need help to move out: pre-impact contingency planning, correctly filed under preparedness.

Why A is correct

The municipal health officer must be a licensed physician. This officer is the doctor in charge of the town's health office and rural health unit. RA 7160, the 1991 law that handed basic health services to local governments, also requires Filipino citizenship, residence in the town and good moral character.

Why the other options are wrong

• B — "It may be held by a registered nurse": The law does not open this post to nurses. Nurses play a role in running the unit's programs, but the post requires a medical license.
• C — "It requires a master's degree in public health": The law sets no graduate degree for this post.
• D — "It is optional for low-income municipalities": The law makes a health officer mandatory for every province, city and municipality.

Why A is correct

That purok sits at the top of the scheme because the excreta leaves the property. The highest tier is the one where household toilets are connected to a sewer line that carries waste off-site to a treatment facility, so nothing is stored, digested or handled where the family lives and no household has to arrange emptying at all. The tiers beneath it all keep the waste on the lot in one form or another — in a tank, a vault or a pit — and differ from each other only in how much water and containment they use to do it.

Why the other options are wrong

• B — "A shared toilet block whose water-sealed bowls drain to one communal tank on the lot": this arrangement is communal and water-sealed, which is a legitimate improvement, but water sealing does not move the excreta off the property. The scheme ranks on where the waste ends up, not on how many households a facility serves: this tank sits on the same lot and still has to be desludged there.
• C — "Toilets flushed by hand with a dipper into a covered receiving pit": water carriage by the bucketful, with the waste stopping in a pit on the premises. It is a real improvement over an open pit and nowhere near the top of the scheme.
• D — "Toilets over a covered pit that is sealed off and replaced when it fills": no water carriage at all. This is the basic sanitary facility the scheme starts from, not the tier it ends at.

Why A is correct

Use the community health map. Among these four tools, only the map carries both the risk a household holds and where that household sits.

The item does not say what makes a household a priority here, so the choice turns on what the team has to do next. That next step is to walk to particular houses in a particular order. A map that carries poverty, disability, chronic illness and distance as overlays turns a list of names into a route. Households that cluster on the map are visited together, and the far ones are scheduled for the day the team can reach them.

Why the other options are wrong

• B — "A household master list with family serial numbers": it names every household in the barangay, but a serial-number list carries no risk information and no geography. It is where the map's own data comes from, and it tells the team who exists rather than who to see first.
• C — "A field health services information system quarterly report": it reports what the whole catchment achieved last quarter, in totals. A total cannot point at a household.
• D — "A target client list for the maternal care program": it names individual clients and is built for follow-up, but only pregnant women and their infants are on it. A household whose risk is an elderly stroke survivor or a member coughing for three weeks never appears.

Why D is correct

Measuring the water and mixing the packet unaided is the psychomotor entry: the mother is carrying out the motor act the class taught.

The psychomotor domain covers physical execution of a learned procedure — handling the jug, judging the water level, emptying and stirring the packet. Doing it without help is what separates a mother who can perform the skill from one who can talk about it. The other three behaviors are all worth recording, and each of them belongs somewhere else.

Why the other options are wrong

• A — "Explaining why a child with diarrhea loses fluid so quickly": an account of how the illness works, given in words. It reports what the mother grasps about dehydration, not anything her hands have done.
• B — "Refusing an offer of herbal tea for her child's diarrhea": refusing the tea is a real act the mother performs, but it displays a value she has taken on rather than a skill. Nothing in it calls for anything the class taught her hands to do.
• C — "Telling the class the mixing steps in their right order": sequencing the steps out loud is correct recall, but it is still knowledge about the procedure. Knowing the order and producing a safe solution are different attainments, and this mother has shown the first.